Prime Duty of the Government Is to Serve Essay Example for Free

Prime Duty of the G all overnment Is to Serve EssayThe dine flying field is more than just an area to place the circumvents and chair. It should be inviting, warm and cozy, a place where the family enjoys sitting together. Think back to your childhood. Chances are, mealtimes stand out in your memory. The family sits together, eats, and talks. If you dont want e rattlingone to just eat and run, pass on to make this place as inviting as possible. Here are some tips. Seating All too often we come across sleek eat room chairswith little or no padding. Although these may look good depending on the rest of the decor, they are not the most comfor send back. If you like to linger over a meal with your loved ones, ensure that the seats are as comfortable as can be, with plenty of padding. If the dining table is placed in the corner of a room, consider placing sofa-bench style seating on the wall-side of the table. You could have comfortable chairs on the other side. Candles Eat by candl elight You dont need to kick the bucket a fortune replenishing candles. Take a tall glass, fill it up with water, and float a tea-light on the top.Light this every night. A single tea-light destroy for around four hours, so it should last you three or four nights. You could lower the lights and truly enjoy the experience and reduce electricity costs. Place adimmerswitch on the lights. Keep a tall candlestand on the center of the table to hold straight, elegant candles. Light these when entertaining. Flowers A vase of flowers looks charming. Ensure it doesnt prosecute too much space, and you dont need to remove it when serving the food or when seated at the table.Also, remember that the flowers should not prevent people on the table from seeing each other. Tablecloth Stay clear fromplastic tablecloths, no matter how practical they are If your children spill when they eat and want to avoid staining woody polish, invest in a table with aglass tabletop. Alternatively, use a regular cloth tablecloth. Anything simple, which you can subject to regular wear and tear, go away do. Keep the fancy tablecloths for entertaining. When purchasing tableware, dont pick up anything that catches your fancy.Try to co-ordinate the items. This is easy to ensure when you are decorating your home from scratch. If you already have a crockery set that you use on a daily basis, pick up a couple of tablecloths to match this crockery. Pick up a separate tablecloth to go with your expensive crockery that you plan to use only when entertaining. In any case, whether to use a tablecloth or not is entirely up to you. If you table is very attractive by itself, skip the tablecloth entirely. But if your table is stained or otherwise in poor condition, cover it up.Mats Always useplacematsthough. A table is not completely set without mats. If you are usingcloth napkins, it is a good idea to starch them. Sideboard If you have the space in your dining room, invest in a sideboard. You can store yo ur crockery, cutlery,placemats, napkins and tablecloths here, so when you aresetting the table, everything will be easily within reach. In addition, you can evermore keep valuable crockery, like silverware, in your sideboard underlock and key.

Energy Saving By Using Solar Panels Engineering Essay

Energy Saving By Using solar Panels Engineering EssayClimate transpose concerns, coupled with high oil prices, peak oil, and increasing g everywherenment support, ar driving increasing renewable null legislation, incentives and commercialization. New government spending, regulation and policies helped the pers constantlyance brave out the global financial crisis better than mevery otherwise sectors. Renewable pushing is ability that comes from natural re commencements much(prenominal) as sun dismountlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geo thermal conflagrate, which atomic number 18 renewable be travail they be natur wholey replenished at a constant rate. About 16% of global final capacity consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is generally workd for alter, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing very rapid ly. The share of renewables in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables. Since its emergence renewable vigor has come a long substance.In was not until the 1970s that environmentalists promoted the information of alternative ability both as a replacement for the eventual depletion of oil, as well as for an escape from dependence on oil it was at that stage that the first wind turbines appeared. On the other hand, solar had always been practised for warmthing and cooling, barely solar panels were too costly to build solar farms, until 1980.The reason why evolve chosen the topic of solar heating system systems solar slide fastener for my dissertation is beca accustom among the various renewable energy sources, solar energy is one of the crucial energy sources, if not the most crucial. According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar part generators whitethorn let o n most of the worlds electricity within 50 days, dramatically reducing the emissions of green domicil gases that harm the environment. Before doing this report, I hasten to admit that the knowledge that I had regarding solar energy or solar energy systems was minimal. But since get-go working on this report, I think, I cook come a long way yet, I have to admit, there has been done so much research in this field, in the past couple of decade that I would still have to go a long way before I would consider myself a specialist. This report should cater towards any individual who had heard of the solar energy, solar energy systems and how they could benefit from it. This report also gives a brief insight into, where solar energy system (solar energy) is headed in the approaching.A far as the social structure of my report is concerned, I will be looking into the history of solar energy, the solar energy itself, solar energy collectors solar panels Furthermore, I would also be looki ng at the benefits of solar energy systems for us and the consequences, if any. On the other hand, I would also be analysing economic issues related to solar energy systems such(prenominal) as the cost of heating a house or a create by the bureau of solar energy contra to contemporary means. Last further not the least I would be summarizing the advantages that I have discussed as well as look at few disadvantages, if there are any. I will sum up the whole report with a conclusion, thanks beforehand.History of solar energyBefore we delve into the discussion of why solar energy is so needed in the world today, well first look into what solar energy really is. By definition, solar energy is that glad light and heat that is aimd from the sun. Solar energy has been use by human beings since time immemorial.The radiation that comes from solar energy along with the resultant solar energized resources such as wave motive, wind, biomass and hydroelectricity all give an explanation fo r most of the accessible renewable energy that is present on earth. However, only an infinitesimal portion of the breathing solar energy is used.Solar energy has been used by humans for thousands of years. For example, ancient cultures used energy from the sun to keep warm by borrowing fires with it.Ancient Egyptians built places to live that allowed stored energy from the sun during the day, and a heat release during the night. This kind of architecture heated homes at night while memory the temperature low during the day buildings were designed so that, walls and floors collected solar heat during the day, that was released at night to keep them warm. If you have ever stood in the sun to get warm then you too have utilized solar thermal energy. Egyptians also used the sun as part of their mummification process, development the sun to dry dead bodies. The Egyptians used a form of passive voice solar power.3rd Century B.C., Greek soldiers with the help of Archimedes, focused lig ht on a Roman fleet by using mirrors. The Romans were invading a port city that did not have defenses ready for the attack. The mirrors were used to concentrate the energy of the sun, and cause the fleets sails to burn. The Romans retreated and the Greeks were able to rule out the invasion. The Greeks used passive solar power.100 A.D. a historical writer by the name of Pliny the Younger, built a house in the northern part of Italy that had mica windows in one room. This one particular room demonstrated solar heating in that its mica windows stored heat, and by and by gave it out. This room was useful because the added heat it generated less(prenominal)ened the amount of wood that had to be burnt, to maintain heat.Roman bath houses had famous south facing windows that heated the rooms. autochthonal Ameri shtupnisters also built houses that used passive solar power. Houses were built into the side of cliffs or hills to allow storage of heat during the day, and a release of heat at night.In 1767, the worlds first solar collector was built by Swiss scientist Horace de Saussare.They also kept their homes warm through passive solar energy designsThe stripping of p swelteringovoltaic happened in 1839 when the French physicist Edmond Becquerel first showed photovoltaic activity. Edmond had found that galvanising current in certain sensibles could be increased when exposed to light. 66 years later, in 1905, we gained an understanding of Edmonds work, when the famous physicist Albert Einstein clearly draw the photoelectric effect, the principle on which photovoltaic are based. In 1921 Einstein received the Nobel loot for his theories on the photoelectric effect.Solar carrells of operable use have been available since the mid 1950s when ATT Labs first developed 6% high-octane silicon solar cells. By 1960 Hoffman Electronics increased commercial solar cell efficiencies to as much as 14% and today, researchers have developed cells with more than 20% efficiencie s. 20% effective means that out of the total energy that hits the open air of a solar cell about 20% is converted into usable electricity.The first long-term practical application of PV cells was in satellite systems. In 1958 the Vanguard I, was launched into space. It was the first or arcseconding vehicle to be powered by solar energy. Photovoltaic silicon solar cells pop the questiond the galvanic power to the satellite until 1964 when the system was shut down. The solar power system was so successful that PVs have been a part of world-wide satellite space programs ever since. The sun provides endless nonpolluting energy to the satellite power systems and demand for solar cells has risen as a result of the telecommunications revolution and need for satellites.The energy crisis and oil embargos of the 1970s made many nations aware of their dependency on controlled non-renewable energy sources and this fueled exploration of alternative energy sources. This included further resear ch into renewable sources such as solar power, wind power and geothermal power.An economic breakthrough occurred in the 1970s when Dr. Elliot Berman was able to design a less dear(predicate) solar cell bringing the price down from $100 per watt to $20 per watt. This huge cost savings opened up a bulky number of applications that were not considered before because of high costs. These applications included railroads, lighthouses, off-shore oil rigs, buoys, and remote homes. For approximately countries and many applications, solar energy is now considered a primary energy source, not an alternative.Solar energySolar energy is the energy derived from the sun through the form of solar radiation. Solar powered electrical generation relies on photovoltaic and heat locomotives. A partial list of other solar applications includes space heating and cooling through solar architecture, day lighting, solar hot piddle, solar cooking, and high temperature process heat for industrial purposes . In my report, I would only be looking into a few of the above mentioned solar power reigning techniques, due to the fact that there is a limitation towards, how much material I can present in my dissertation.Solar cellA solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an electrical device that converts the energy of light necessitately into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. It is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical characteristics e.g. current, voltage, or resistance vary when light is incident upon it) which, when exposed to light, can generate and support an electric current without being attached to any external voltage source. still solar or active solarSolar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, apportioning materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate.The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of ledger entry solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere .Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earths surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared tells with a small part in the near-ultraviolet.Earths land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this raises their temperature. quick air containing evaporated body of piss supply from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, pissing vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earths surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, produci ng atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.Yearly Solar fluxes Human Energy ConsumptionSolar3,850,000 crook2,250 EJBiomass3,000 EJPrimary energy use (2005)487 EJElectricity (2005)56.7 EJThe total solar energy absorbed by Earths atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earths non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined Solar energy can be harnessed at incompatible levels around the world, mostly depending on outmatch from the equator.How solar power worksLight (photons) striking certain compounds, in particular metals, causes the surface of the material to emit electrons. Light striking other compounds causes the material to accept electrons. It is the combination of these two compounds that can be made use of to cause electrons to flow through a conductor, and thereby create electricity. This phenomenon is called the photo-electric effect. Photovoltaic means cheer converted into a flow of electrons (electricity)..Passive solar heatingIn passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design or climatic design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it doesnt involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices.The key to designing a passive so lar building is to best take advantage of the local climate. Elements to be considered include window placement and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or retrofitted.http//www.iklimnet.com/save/eco_images/five_elements_passive.gifPassive energy gainPassive solar technologies use sunlight without active mechanical systems (as contrasted to active solar). Such technologies convert sunlight into usable heat (water, air, and thermal mass), cause air-movement for ventilating, or future use, with little use of other energy sources. A common example is a solarium on the equator-side of a building. Passive cooling is the use of the said(prenominal) design principles to reduce summer cooling requirements.Some passive systems use a small amount of conventional energy to control dampers, shutters, night insulation, and other devices that enhance solar en ergy collection, storage, and use, and reduce undesirable heat transfer.Passive solar technologies include direct and indirect solar gain for space heating, solar water heating systems based on the thermo siphon or geyser pump, use of thermal mass and phase-change materials for slowing indoor air temperature swings, solar cookers, the solar chimney for enhancing natural ventilation, and earth sheltering.More widely, passive solar technologies include the solar furnace and solar forge, but these typically require some external energy for aligning their concentrating mirrors or receivers, and historically have not proven to be practical or cost effective for widespread use. Low-grade energy needs, such as space and water heating, have proven, over time, to be better applications for passive use of solar energy.Pragmatic approach to a productive passive solar energyMany detached suburban houses can achieve reductions in heating expense without obvious changes to their appearance, comfo rt or usability. This is done using good siting and window perplexing, small amounts of thermal mass, with good-but-conventional insulation, weatherization, and an occasional supplementary heat source, such as a central radiator connected to a (solar) water heater. Sunrays may fall on a wall during the daytime and raise the temperature of its thermal mass. This will then radiate heat into the building in the evening. This can be a problem in the summer, especially on western walls in field of honors with high degree day cooling requirements. External shading, or a refulgent barrier plus air gap, may be used to reduce undesirable summer solar gain.Active solar heating systemsActive solar technologies are employed to convert solar energy into another more useful form of energy. This would normally be a conversion to heat or electrical energy. Inside a building this energy would be used for heating, cooling, or off-setting other energy use or costs. Active solar uses electrical or mechanical equipment for this conversion. Solar energy collection and utilization systems that do not use external energy, such as a solar chimney, are classified as passive solar technologies. Passive solar relies on the inherent thermo-dynamic properties of the system or materials to operate. They do not need external energy sources.httphttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPiYSa4XDMPdiyMUf3cP1SmXMrWVP1vYknu4qslRMbXcBAsG-rm4DSg1wO5yZFhaBoUFGQf_XRmRTw236gZVb7a366CwNUf4RGXeLOLKI3q-QKHGEHO2Vu0ZCz2T7Pql1UU-mEkR5esRdJ/s1600/active-solar-heating.jpgSolar hot water systems, except those based on the thermo siphon, use pumps or fans to circulate fluid (often a mixture of water and glycol to prevent freezing during winter periods) or air, through solar collectors, and are therefore classified under active solar technology.The basic benefit of active systems is that controls (usually electrical) can be used to maximize their effectiveness. For example a passive solar thermal array which does not rely on pumps and sensors will only start circulating when a certain amount of internal energy has built up in the system. Using sensors and pumps, a relatively small amount of energy (i.e. that used to power a pump and controller) can harvest a far spaciousr amount of available thermal energy by shimmy on as soon as a useful temperature differential becomes present. Controls also allow a greater variety of choices for utilizing the energy that becomes available. For example a solar thermal array could heat a swimming pool on a relatively cool morning where heating a internal hot water cylinder was impractical due to the different stored water temperatures. Later in the day as the temperature rises the controls could be used to switch the solar heated water over to the cylinder instead.The downside to Active Solar systems is that the external power sources can fail (probably rendering them useless), and the controls need maintenance.How to buy solar panels solar water heatingShowerSolar water heating can meet about a third of your hot water needs, research conducted by a UK research magazine.A solar water heating system (also known as solar thermal system) uses panels fitted to your roof to heat water for use around the home.A typical solar hot water system is able to meet around a third of a households hot water needs a saving of 55 to 80 on your annual water-heating bills, based on a three-bedroom semi-detached house.Householders installing solar water heating systems can get 300 through the governments Renewable Heat Incentive Premium Payment scheme.Choosing a solar water heating systemWhen choosing a solar water heating system, youll need to consider four major factorsyour average hot water usethe field of force of south-facing roof availableyour existing water heating systemyour budget.Youll need roughly one square meter of collector area per person in the household. each metre of panel area will need between 30 and 60 litres of water tank car volume.If you use a less efficient collector (such as flat-plate solar water heating panels), youll need to co ver a larger area than if you use a more efficient collector (such as evacuated tubes).Youll also need to select system components (such as a hot water cylinder, controls and pipe work) and choose the location for your solar panels, considering shade, pipe runs, roof pitch and future access.Solar water heating installationThere are plenty of solar panel installers out there, so I recommend that you always collect a range of quotes to compare.Cost effectiveness of solar water heating systemsIn my opinion developing common industry standards and offering public incentives is important. He emphasizes that creating public sentience programs is the key to having success in this industry, including a cleaner environment and more jobs as a consequence.It is clear that installing the application is easy for households since the technology is less complicated and cheaper than PV. According to The Solar Guide, the payback period for an investment in a solar water heating system is 3 to 5 yea rs, although it may vary a lot in different countries due to national standards and differences in manufacturing quality.The return of investment depends on the system and the current fuel source that is being used to heat the water. It makes more sense to install a combi-system (hot water+space heating) whereby a 12-20 sq-m would completely cover a households water heating demand and a substantial part of its space heating demand in spring and in autumn.http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ thumb/f/f7/SolarTrackerRoofView300W200H.jpg/220px-SolarTrackerRoofView300W200H.jpgSolar trackers may be driven by active or passive solar technologyMost solar collectors are fixed in their array position mounting, but can have a high performance if they track the path of the sun through the sky (however it is unusual for thermal collectors to be attach in this way). Solar trackers, used to orient solar arrays may be driven by either passive or active technology, and can have a signific ant gain in energy yield over the course of a year when compared to a fixed array. Again passive solar tracking would rely on the inherent thermo-dynamic properties of the materials used in the system rather than an external power source to generate its tracking movement. Active Solar Tracking would utilize sensors and motors track the path of the sun across the sky. This action can be caused by geographical and time data being programmed into the controls. However, some systems actually track the brightest point in the sky using light sensors, and manufacturers claim this can add a significant extra yield over and above geographical tracking.How does Solar Thermal work?The basic mechanism of solar thermal energy is to collect the solar radiation and transfer the heat directly or indirectly to its final destination via a heat transfer medium usually a fluid.The most commonly used applications are Domestic Hot water (DHW), Combined DHW and Space Heating, District Heating, Solar Cool ing and Air-Conditioning. High Temperature Solar Thermal Electricity Generation is also among solar thermal applications. (e.g. solar tower and parabolical through applications).The key component of the solar thermal systems is the collectors which can be divided into two groupsUnglazed collectors have been used in the industry for a long time, mainly for heating open-air swimming pools. There is no heat exchanger in the system, and the water is flowing directly through long thin tubes. It is cheap and easy to install. Due to the simplicity of unglazed collectors, they cannot fulfill the needs for delivering full-time energy. Unglazed collectors are mainly used in the USA and in Australia.Glazed collectors are much more efficient in supplying continuous heating and achieving higher temperatures than unglazed ones. Glazed collectors are usually rectangular boxes covered by glass, containing little pipes and tubes and a heat absorbing material inside. There are different types of col lectors for different means of use. Glazed collectors are commonly used in China, Europe and the Middle East.Solar thermal collectorA solar thermal collector is a solar collector designed to collect heat by absorbing sunlight. The term is applied to solar hot water panels, but may also be used to denote more complex installations such as solar parabolic, solar trough and solar towers or simpler installations such as solar air heat. The more complex collectors are generally used in solar power plants where solar heat is used to generate electricity by heating water to produce steam which drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator. The simpler collectors are typically used for supplemental space heating in residential and commercial buildings. A collector is a device for converting the energy in solar radiation into a more usable or storable form. The energy in sunlight is in the form of electromagnetic radiation from the infrared (long) to the ultraviolet (short) wavelengt hs. The solar energy striking the Earths surface depends on weather conditions, as well as location and orientation of the surface, but overall, it averages about 1,000 watts per square meter under clear skies with the surface directly perpendicular to the suns rays.A solar collector works to convert and concentrate solar energy into a more usable form. For example, a thermal collector may use a parabolic array of mirrors to focus, direct, and reflect the light of the sun to a smaller point where the heat can be used to drive some sort of turbine engine by heating the driving fluid. Another type of collector may use a flat panel array of solar photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy directly into electricity. Some metals exhibit a photoelectric property whereby when the metal is exposed to light, it causes electrons to be emitted. These metals may be arranged in a valence-covalence band configuration which generates the actual voltage within the array.Types of solar collectors f or heatSolar collectors fall into two general categories non-concentrating and concentrating. In the non-concentrating type, the collector area (i.e., the area that intercepts the solar radiation) is the same as the absorber area (i.e., the area absorbing the radiation). In these types the whole solar panel absorbs the light.Flat-plate and evacuated-tube solar collectors are used to collect heat for space heating, domestic hot water or cooling with an absorption chiller.Types of solar collectors for electricity generationParabolic troughs, dishes and towers described in this section are used almost exclusively in solar power generating stations or for research purposes. Although simple, these solar concentrators are sooner far from the theoretical maximum concentration. For example, the parabolic trough concentration is about 1/3 of the theoretical maximum for the same acceptance angle, that is, for the same overall tolerances for the system. Approaching the theoretical maximum may be achieved by using more elaborate concentrators based on non-imaging optics.Parabolic troughhttp//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Parabolic_trough.svg/250px-Parabolic_trough.svg.pngParabolic toroughThis type of collector is generally used in solar power plants. A trough-shaped parabolic reflector is used to concentrate sunlight on an insulated tube (Dewar tube) or heat pipe, placed at the focal point, containing coolant which transfers heat from the collectors to the boilers in the power station.Parabolic dishhttp//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Parabolic-dish.jpg/220px-Parabolic-dish.jpghttp//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf3/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.pngSolar Parabolic dishIt is the most powerful type of collector. One or more parabolic dishes concentrate solar energy at a single focal point, -similar to a reflecting telescope which focuses starlight, or to a dish antenna used to focus radio waves. This geometry may be used in solar f urnaces and solar power plants.There are two key phenomena to understand in order to comprehend the design of a parabolic dish. One is that the shape of a parabola is defined such that incoming rays which are parallel to the dishs axis will be reflected toward the focus, no matter where on the dish they arrive. The second key is that the light rays from the sun arriving at the Earths surface are almost completely parallel. So if the dish can be line up with its axis pointing at the sun, almost all of the incoming radiation will be reflected towards the focal point of the dish-most losses are due to imperfections in the parabolic shape and imperfect reflection.Losses due to atmosphere between the dish and its focal point are minimal, as the dish is generally designed specifically to be small enough that this factor is insignificant on a clear, sunny day. Compare this though with some other designs, and you will see that this could be an important factor, and if the local weather is hazy, or foggy, it may reduce the efficiency of a parabolic dish significantly.In dish-stirling power plant designs, a Stirling engine coupled to a dynamo is placed at the focus of the dish, which absorbs the heat of the incident solar radiation, and converts it into electricity.(Solar) Power towerA power tower is a large tower surrounded by tracking mirrors called heliostats. These mirrors align themselves and focus sunlight on the receiver at the top of tower, collected heat is transferred to a power station below.AdvantagesVery high temperatures reached. High temperatures are capable for electricity generation using conventional methods like steam turbine or some direct high temperature chemical reaction.Good efficiency. By concentrating sunlight current systems can get better efficiency than simple solar cells.A larger area can be covered by using relatively inexpensive mirrors rather than using expensive.Concentrated light can be redirected to a suitable location via. For exam ple illuminating buildings.Heat storage for power production during cloudy and overnight conditions can be accomplished, often by underground tank storage of heated fluids. Molten salts have been used to good effect.DisadvantagesConcentrating systems require sun tracking to maintain Sunlight focus at the collector.Inability to provide power in diffused light conditions. Solar Cells are able to provide some output even if the sky becomes a little bit cloudy, but power output from concentrating systems drop drastically in cloudy conditions as diffused light cannot be concentrated passively.Solar panelA solar panel (also solar module, photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel) is a packaged, connected assembly of photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each panel is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically ranges from 10 0 to 320 watts. The efficiency of a panel determines the area of a panel given the same rated output an 8% efficient 230 watt panel will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt panel. Because a single solar panel can produce only a limited amount of power, most installations contain multiple panels. A photovoltaic system typically includes an array of solar panels, an inverter, and sometimes a battery and or solar tracker and interconnection wiring.Theory and constructionSolar panels use light energy (photons) from the sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The majority of modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film cells based on candle telluride or silicon. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer or the back layer. Cells must also be protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most solar panels are rigid, but semi-flexible ones are available, based on thin-film cells.Electrical connections are made in serial to achieve a desired output voltage and/or in parallel to provide a desired current capability. The conducting wires that take the current off the panels may contain silver, copper or other non-magnetic conductive transition metals. The cells must be connected electrically to one another and to the rest of the system. Externally, hot terrestrial usage photovoltaic panels use MC3 (older) or MC4 connectors to facilitate easy weatherproof connections to the rest of the system.Bypass diodes may be incorporated or used externally, in case of partial panel shading, to

Physico-chemical Properties of Pectin From Jelly Fig

Physico-chemical Properties of Pectin From Jelly FigChanges in physico-chemical properties of pectin from gel public figure (Ficus awkeotsangMakino) seeds during extraction and gellingChii-Ming Jiang,Ying-Jang Lai,Bor-Hon Lee,Wei-Hsien Chang,Ming-Chang Wu,Hung-Min ChangAbstractDegree of esterification of pectin from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsangMakino) achene seeds and the pH value decreased rapidly during extraction, while app arnt reduction of free calcium content in the pectin extract was observed at the gelling stage. Compared to those of the native pectin, total ester linkages and m ethyl radical ester linkages of pectin extract decreased, and the bound calcium content increased during pectin gelling. However, non-methyl ester linkages (the difference between the total ester linkage and the methyl ester linkage) increased by approximately 40% during pectin gelling, revealing esterification reaction between C6carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the presence of pectinesterase. S freighterning electron microscopy showed that pectin fragments from jelly curds were large with flake-like structure, while those from hot (85C) ethanol-treated achenes were teeny-weeny and porous.KeywordsPectinJelly fig (Ficus awkeotsangMakino) achenesJelly curdScanning electron microscopeEster linkageAbstractVolatile essences of Calimyrna, Kadota, and Black Mission and Adriatic figs were prepared by passing large volumes of headspace gaseous state through porous polymer traps at room temperature. The essences were analysed by gas chromatography, utilising w both-coated open-tubular glass capillary columns structural elucidations were based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Differences between varieties appear to be quantitative rather than qualitative, and are not noticeably greater than differences between samples of the same variety. Compounds identified included acetaldehyde, dimethyl lacetal, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, ethyl propionate, ethyl iso butyrate, propyl acetate, methyl butyrate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl-2-methyl butyrate,2-methyl butyl acetate,2-ethyl-1,2-dihydrothiophene, ethyl vale rate and3-hydroxy-2-butanone.Nutritional Values of 14 Fig Species and Bat Feeding Preferencesin PanamaFigs are a critical resource for many tropical frugivores, yet they often are referred to as low quality fruits. To determine their nutritive value, both as a group and for individual species, we analysed 14 fig species from Barro Colorader Island (BCI), Panama, for fiber, tannins, lipids, protein, carbohydrates, amino acids, and minerals. Seeds and pulp were analyzed separately. Fig fruit pulp consisted of about one-third digestible components, broadly speaking carbohydrates with some lipids and proteins. Tannin, lignin, and water-soluble carbohydrates showed considerable variation among species, as did fruit size. Figs contained high amounts of amino acids, such as, lysine, valine, and arginine, and minerals, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and phosphorus. One species, Ficus insipida, contained the highest concentrations of almost all amino acids, many minerals, and protein. Small figs had as much nutritional value per gram as large figs. Free-standing figs had high percentages of protein, complex carbohydrates, and ash than strangler figs, which had higher percentages of water-soluble carbohydrates, tannins, and hemicellulose. The guild of fruit eating mild on BCI included ten common species with diets dominated by figs. Fecal analyses and captures at ripe fig trees showed a consistent pattern of resource partitioning. Small bats preferentially ate small-fruited and strangler figswhile large bats consumed mostly large-fruited and free-standing figs. Small bats most often ate F. bullenei, which has high levels of lipid and carbohydrates, and F. yoponensis, which has high levels of protein. Medium and large bats most often ate F. insipida, a nutritionally professional species t heir second most eaten species was F. obtusifolia, in which the large size may make it efficient to eat. Each bat ate a variety of fig species, sustenance the idea that although no single species of fig may be sufficient to sustain frugivores, a mix of fig species can provide a pick up set of nutrients.Natural concomitant of fumonisin B1 in dried figs as an unexpected hazardFumonisins produced by several Fusarium species especially by Fusarium verticilloides and Fusarium proliferatum and natural contaminants of gamboge and corn products all over the world (Jacksonand Jablonski, 2004 Scaff and Scussel, 2004). Fumonisins excite been isolated in 1988 from F. verticilloides (formerly F. moniliforme Sheldon MRC 826) which is isolated from corns consumed in Transkei Region of Southern Africa (Gelderblom et al., 1988). Among the fumonisin derivatives, FB1 is the most common one and constitutes about 7080% of the total fumonisin content of F.verticilloides cultures and naturally contam inated foods. FumonisinB2 accounts for 1525% of the total fumonisin, while fumonisin B3 accounts for 38% (Rheeder et al., 2002). However F.verticilloides and Fumonisins are found in all cornProduction areas, Fusarium spp. are more dominantly found in warm and dry regions. In addition to corn and corn products, Fumonisins have likewise been found in wheat and barley (Castellaet al., 1999), beer (Hlywka and Bullerman, 1999 Torres et al., 2001), rice (SCOOP, 2003), sorghum (Jackson and Jablonski, 2004), asparagus (Logrieco et al., 1998 SCOOP, 2003 Liu et al.,2005), black tea (Martins et al., 2001), medical plants (Omurtagand Yazcoglu, 2004) and incaparina (Trucksess et al., 2002). Although its effects on human beings have not been clearly determined, it has been found that there may be a positive correlation between human esophageal cancer rates and occurrence of F. verticilloides and fumonisin in diet in Transkei Southern Africa and LinksianChina (Castella et al., 1999 EHC,2000 Scaf f and Scussel, 2004). It has also been determined that FB1 has nephrotoxic,hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive effects against various animal species (EHC, 2000). It has been detected that fumonisins cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses, Porcine Pulmonary Edema and liver cancer in rats (Nelson et al., 1992 Castella et al., 1999 Scaff and Scussel, 2004). Fumonisins have been classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by International office for Research on Cancer (IARC) according to findings obtained from testanimals (IARC, 1993). Furthermore, tolerable daily intake (TDI) for fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 determined by European Commission- Scientific Committee on solid food is 2 lg/kg body weight (SCF, 2003). Dried fig, very nutritional and a healthy food, is one of the most widely produced fruits in the world. Dried figs can be consumed directly, or as fig paste in production of different desserts and candies.Dried figs are the only known fruit that is allowed to fully age and semidry on the tree (Desai and Kotecha, 1995 Drusch and Ragab, 2003) Turkey is ranked first in dried fig exporting countries with approximately 52,600 tons of dried figs in 2005, equivalent to 52% of worlds dried fig exports (FAO, 2007). Dried figs are produced mainly in the Aegean Region in the western part of Turkey.Dried figs are a high risk commodity among dried fruits. Occurrence of aflatoxins (Iamanaka et al., 2007) and ochratoxin A (Karbancoglu- Guler and Heperkan, 2008) in dried figs have beenpreviously determined. The temperature in Aegean Region duringthe ripening, reap and drying of figs are favourable for mould.

Kawasaki Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Kawasaki unsoundness Symptoms, Causes and TreatmentBackgroundKawasaki distemper (KD) is a systemic vasculitis syndrome which whitethorn involve many organs, such as myocardium and the conduction system, and may cause inflammation in other organs such as pericarditis, endocarditis, cholecystitis etc.EtiologyThere is only little information of the etiology of KD. It is suspected as an infectious illness with an unknown pathogen (KatoSuda, 2012) or autoimmune disease (Starkebaum, 2013) that has an acute systemic vasculitis syndrome.PrevalenceKD is a prevalent cardiac disease in Asia, North America, South America, Europe and Australia. Nakamura and Yanagawa (2004) stated that Asians were approximately 5-10 times more susceptible than white persons. (cited in KatoSuda, 2012)II. Clinical understanding of Kawasakis DiseaseMedical diagnostic criteriaThe principal diagnostic criteria of KD ar presence of at least five of the major features persistent pyrexia for at least 5 days, conjunc tival injection, changes in the mucosa of the oropharynx(such as strawberry tongue), changes in the peripheral extremities, erythematous prime over extremities or/and trunk, and cervical lymphadenopathy. If clients do not run into the classic criteria, they are considered as having incomplete KD. (Kato Suda, 2012)Difference between florescence disease and Kawasaki diseaseBoth Roseola and Kawasaki disease begin with sudden high fever, but their treatments are very different. The fever of KD is not very responsive to acetaminophen or ibuprofen which evoke be used to treat the fever of Roseola. After the fever, KD and Roseola cases both burst rash but their onsets of rash are not the same. Roseola case larns rash at the time of fever resolution, opus KD case develops rash within two to three weeks after the onset of fever which may not be resolved.(Wang et al., 2009) Also, KD presents with some oral manifestations, the like erythema, dropsy, fissuring of lips and a strawber ry tongue which cannot be found in Roseola cases. (Ely Seabury, 2010)II. Clinical understanding of Kawasakis DiseasePotential ComplicationsChildren with Kawasakis disease can develop vasculitis that causes weakening of the blood vessels and leads to aneurysms. Without treatment in time, 1 in 5 children with Kawasaki disease leave behind develop coronary thrombosis aneurysms. (Suzuki et. al., 1986) Either formation of blood choke off in a coronary artery aneurysm or rupture of a large coronary artery aneurysm would lead to myocardial infarction which may cause death.Besides the coronary arteries, the myocardium, valves, and pericardium can become incendiary. Arrhythmias or abnormal functioning of some amount of money valves, myocardial infarction and heart hardship may in addition occur.Standard Treatments in Hong KongGuided by the Hospital Authority in Hong Kong, intravenous gamma-globulin (IVGG) and aspirin are the treatment protocols for all KD clients admitted to hospital . (Yung et. al., 2002)For evaluating the coronary artery lesions, echocardiography are done for all patients and coronary angiography and heart catheterization are performed for selective clients.III. Case carry and its nursing assessmentPeter, a 1-yerar old baby, has been diagnosed as having Kawasaki Disease after admission. Peter is now suspected at the acute phase (Stage I) of the disease since he shows irritability, persistent fever for 4 days and erythematous rash over his extremities.For subjective data, he has high fever and diarrhoea for few days fever was lower after treating with antipyretics and diarrhoea was subsided and rashes developed over his entire hands, arms, feet and legs, stated by his mother.For objective data, he is irritable, has a silklike red tongue his palms and soles had erythematous rash.In most of the cases, clients similarly have conjunctivitis, conceited cervical lymph nodes, inflammation of the pharynx and the oral mucosa develops with red and cr acked lips and swollen joints. Beside of developing erythematous rash, skin on the extremities may be edema and peeling. Mostly, clients suffer from cardiac problems, such as myocarditis and tachycardia. (Starkebaum, 2013) These should be assessed after admission.IV. Plan for careNursing diagnosis for the case chooseHyperthemia related to inflammatory disease process, increased metabolic rate and dehydration as evidenced by body temperature greater than normal rangeRisk for decreased cardiac tissue perfusion related to vasculitisImpaired oral mucose membrane related to inflammatory process, dehydration, and mouth breathing as evidenced by presence of bright red tongueImpaired skin integrity related to inflammatory process, altered circulation as evidenced by having erythematous rash over palms and soles and his mutes verbalization of presence of rash over extremitiesRisk for imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements related to inflammation and swollen of oral mucous membra ne and tongueIneffective family therapeutic regimen management related to knowledge deficit to Kawasaki disease as evidence by wrongly distinguishing Roseola and Kawasaki DiseaseNursing ManagementsManagement for HyperthermiaTo treat hyperthermia, cooling should be promoted by wearing light cant and loose-fitting clothing. This can encourage heat loss by radiation and conduction. Ice bags can be put on the forehead or around neck of client. Adequate water intake is also boost. In order to prevent complications and promote comfort, out front administering aspirin, go down ons should monitor temperature every 4 hours until client becomes afebrile for a day. Administer antipyretic medication if positively charged.Peter, in the case hire, was treated with antipyretics before so his fever was lower. Continuous temperature monitoring is required. Also, increasing his placid intake promotes recovery and prevents dehydration. Peter will be afebrile, go over with thermometer, and free of complications due to high-grade fever within 3 days.Management for Risk of complications and infectionAt the acute phase of KD, nurses should monitor clients cardiac condition closely by assessing clients cardiac status regularly, i.e. once a day, including measuring the apical rate, along with assessing any symptoms of precipitateness of breath and SaO2 level of client. Continuous monitoring is still suggested even though no S/S has shown up. The goal is that Peter will not develop any complications before discharge. Assessing any worsening condition is for evaluating nursing interventions in preventing complications.Once cardiac complications start to develop keep strict I/O and monitor SaO2 Q4H. Administer supplementary oxygen as prescri derriere. If client continues irritable and shows cyanosis, administer sedation as prescribed to number oxygen consumption and cardiac workload. Long term FU is required.In addition, note the presence of compromised vision of patient. Bilat eral conjunctival inflammation was reported to be the most common symptom of Kawasaki disease after fever. (Yun et al., 2011) Note for any redness and assess the visual ability at regular time intervals.If Peter is suspected having compromised vision, assessed by providing vision stimuli to protrude any respond, consult ophthalmologist if possible.Management for Impaired skin integrity and oral mucous membraneMost of the KD clients will have erythematous rash over body, altered mucous membrane condition and strawberry tongue, as mentioned.Clients skin condition is assessed at regular time intervals. Also, nurse can utilise emollients to affected area as ordered, and educate proves and help client to wear soft and loose clothing. Promoting nutritional status and encourage fluid intake are important in healing of rash. For the mucosal conditions, we should provide client mouth care, lubricate his lips and provide adequate clear liquid if not contraindicated.In Peters case, the aims are preventing lesion and promoting healing of the rash of his extremities and inflammated tongue within two weeks. Also, maintaining intact and moist oral mucous membrane that are free of inflammation, ulceration and infection before discharge. The oral condition will not affect his appetite, so as the nutritional status, evaluated by assessing his body weight daily.Management for Altered comfortClient suffered from KD often shows irritability due to pain and fever. (To deal with fever, please refer to Management for hyperthermia) Administer analgesia as prescribed to reduce the pain.A quiet environment may calm client, nurses can talk softly and avoid bright light if possible. James et al.(2013) suggested that line the bed with soft blanket from home can promote clients sleeping quality. Encourage parents to bring clients favourite toys and nipple may also help in comforting client. Nurse should manage the procedure systematically, in order to minimize disrupting clients rest per iod. These actions can apply in Peters case. Peter will have adequate rest and show clam immediately after having these nursing actions.Family Education nigh parents may not know what Kawasaki disease is. Nurses should provide information to clients family and answer the inquiries. Clients parents are often anxious of clients condition. Assessing the parents anxiety level and explaining procedure cl archaean are necessary. Nurse should also comfort parents by assuring them the fever, pain and irritability of the child will resolve eventually.Foc using on the case scenario, nurse should help his mother to differentiate the differences between KD and Roseola, including the etiology and S/S, after Peters admission. To reduce the chances of developing complications, nurse can teach his mother to monitor and assess early signs of complications of heart at the routine time, such as abnormal heart rate, arrhythmia, cyanosis and lower extremities edema. Provide pamphlet about KD for his mot her to read. Asking for any inquiry and let her to verbalize at least two significant signs of having complications can evaluate her understanding.To prevent further infection, clients carer should be educated to provide proper hand hygiene before touching client. It is also encouraged if we can invite her in planning the treatment regimen, which can reduce her anxiety and promote her compliance to clients treatment regimen.Besides, since Peter is 1-year old, before Peter discharges, we should educate the mother that after IVGG treatment, vaccinations with live vaccine (e.g. MMR) should be delayed for 6 months. It is because antibodies may interfere with the immune responses to the vaccines (Salisbury Begg, 1996, as cited in Cheng, Wong So, 2003). We should move over sure his mum remembers the specific dates of FU in order to detect abnormalities showing signs of potential complications.V. ConclusionKawasaki Disease is a common paediatric disease, and it is different from Roseola . With early diagnosis, treatment and continuous follow-ups, it is a manageable and curative disease. burlesque in Butterflies ExperimentMimicry in Butterflies ExperimentIntroductionThe experiment will be testing mimicry in butterflies. Mimicry is the similarity between two organisms that evolved to protect a species from its predators. The similarity can be appearance, behaviour, sound or scent. Mimicry can be mutually beneficial for both organisms, or it can be damaging to one of the organisms involved. Batesian mimicry is when a harmless species imitates the warning signals of a harmful species, it is an antipredator adaptation. The wings of the Monarch flutter are made up of a black, orange and white pattern. They are aposematic in both caterpillar and flit form, warning off predators with their bright coloured wings as a warning of their undesirable taste. Cardenolide aglycones is responsible for the undesirable taste of the Monarch butterflies, which the caterpillars inges t while feeding on milkweed. The Viceroy butterfly is distinguishable from the Monarch butterfly from its post median black line on the vein of its hindwing and it is smaller in size. Its defence against predators is mimicry of the Monarch butterfly.Hypothesis and PredictionsThe hypothesis is that mimicry in the butterflies does not have an effect on preference from the birds. Our predictions are that the birds will not choose the model butterfly because of the bright colour of the model butterfly. This means that the birds will more likely choose the mimic butterfly because it is less bright coloured.AimsTo see which butterfly the birds chooses first and to test mimicry in the viceroy butterfly and to see what effect mimicry has on preference from the birds.Pilot studyA pilot study was undertook at Treborth Botanical gardens. The study was designed to emulate the mimicry of the monarch butterfly by the viceroy butterfly. This was done using different colour suet shots. Yellow sue t pellets and red suet pellets were used. They both had the same flavour. This was designed so that the birds would be choosing primarily on the colour and not the taste. Five sites of study were chosen. One pile of red suet pellets and one pile of yellow suet pellets were left at each test location. The piles of suet were placed on tree branches and in bird feeders were possible, but some had to be left on the ground. This possibly could corrupt results as ground-based rodents could consume suet pellets and these are not the subject of the experiment. Of the five sites of study four piles of red pellets were fully consumed, compared to only two sites in which the yellow suets were completely consumed. We took this as indication that the birds on site had a preference between the two colours of suet. However, the results may have been corrupted by herbivorous birds and small mammals which may have consumed the suet pellets instead of the target bird species.Methods ballock would be collected from the area to be surveyed to ensure successful polymorphs are obtained from both species, and breeding age adult butterflies are not removed from the environment. The eggs would then be reared to adulthood (as only adult viceroys use mimicry). The butterflies would then be freeze-dried to preserve their colour and any unpalatable compounds in their tissues. This would also lower water activity and thus lower the chance of introducing bacteria and other pathogens to bird populations. The area to be surveyed would be divided into quadrats with equal and ergodic treatments across varying habitats (as literature suggests predator density and diversity affects the success of mimicry). Per treatment a Viceroy and a Monarch butterfly would be pinned in close proximity to each other on a tree. First preference of prey would be recorded in the case of a butterfly being eaten by a predator. Predator species could also be recorded to discover if any species (such as different Pas seriform species) show a preference for any butterfly.StatisticsA chi-squared test is used as data to be generated is frequency count data on which butterfly was chosen first which certifies that the data matches the requirements for a one-way chi-squared test.DiscussionAfter analysing the weaknesses from the pilot study, the method was modified in the hope that it would make the plan stronger. With the issue of other predators, the ability to discount them assail the butterfly was overcome by monitoring all test species. What was shown in our pilot study that in fact all the brightly colour suet pellet was gone contradicts what we believe should occur but the flaw in the pilot study design may account for that. The expected outcome for this experiment would be that batesian mimicry is shown.ReferencesChai, P. (1986). Field observations and feeding experiments on the responses of rufous-tailed jacamars (Galbula ruficauda) to free-flying butterflies in a tropical rainforest. Biolog ical diary of the Linnean Society, 29(3), pp.161-189.DellAglio, D., Stevens, M. and Jiggins, C. (2016). Avoidance of an aposematically coloured butterfly by screwball birds in a tropical forest. Ecological Entomology, 41(5), pp.627-632.Flickr, (2011). Viceroy Caterpillar. image Available at https//c1.staticflickr.com/7/6185/6068401472_e8d8be1611_b.jpg Accessed 28 Feb. 2017.Guenther, L. (n.d.). Photo of a monarch caterpillar. image Available at http//www.kidzone.ws/animals/monarc1.jpg Accessed 28 Feb. 2017.King, R., Stansfield, W. and Mulligan, P. (2007). A Dictionary of Genetics. 7th ed. Oxford Oxford University Press, p.278.Lindstedt, C., Eager, H., Ihalainen, E., Kahilainen, A., Stevens, M. and Mappes, J. (2011). Direction and strength of selection by predators for the color of the aposematic wood tiger moth. Behavioral Ecology, 22(3), pp.580-587.Parsons, J. (1965). A digitalis-like toxin in the monarch butterfly,Danaus plexippusL. The Journal of Physiology, 178(2), pp.290-304.P fennig, D., Harcombe, W. and Pfennig, K. (2001). Frequency-dependent Batesian mimicry. Nature, 410(6826), pp.323-323.Ritland, D. (1998). Mimicry-related Predation on Two Viceroy Butterfly (Limenitis archippus) Phenotypes. The American Midland Naturalist, 140(1), pp.1-20.Sutherland, W. (2006). Ecological census techniques. 2nd ed. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, pp.1-446.van Zandt Brower, J. (1958). Experimental Studies of Mimicry in several(prenominal) North American Butterflies Part I. The Monarch, Danaus plexippus, and Viceroy, Limenitis archippus archippus. Evolution, 12(1), pp.32-47.Wickler, W. (1965). Mimicry and the Evolution of Animal Communication. Nature, 208(5010), pp.519-521.

Microsoft Analysis Essays -- essays research papers

Microsoft analysisIntroduction and Summary of Company History and Background InformationMicrosoft over the past 27 years has positioned itself as the arterial system of almost solely computers rolled into use across the world. Albeit with no competition worth the name to challenge its existence leave alone on technology advancements, the company has dummy up managed to keep pace with both felt and perceived inevitably of its customers and its niche remains robust thus far. Nevertheless upset winds have begun to blow. Its corporate government activity is under the microscope and the world is watching as to how Microsoft is bracing itself for the challenges posed both by competition (however innocuous it may be at present) and technology proliferation.let us look at Microsofts expansion plans and initiatives to integrate them to its existing competencies-Microsofts lineament according to Mr. Gates himself is to give up a software political program that allows everyone who is building applications to build far more powerful applications. -MOM (Microsoft Operations Manager) 2005, which is a key management software and realistic Server product as part of simplification of the IT lifecycle have been launched recently-In hardware domain the company has had the benefit of exponential improvement in recent decades. During the first half(prenominal) of next year, the company is expected tohave a very smooth transition from 32-bit to 64-bit systems, with total binary compatibility. This leave behind give the ability to mix 32-bit and 64-bit a simple recompilation for any application using the full 64-bit address base. That is a wonderful milestone no longer requiring throng to buy expensive systems only to achieve the best possible performance.-New graphics chips for better visualization larger screens, moving up to 17-inch, 19-inch or multi chum salmon type LCD displays and RFID for tagging reading and having them available to track is on the agenda too .-Software developments in photography, web searches and music, and advances in gaming applications are on the incus-Web-service protocols for connecting applications V Exchange and XML entropy are already in the pipeline.All this of course does non guarantee soun... ...ation and innovation leading to altogether new role and share in the market. This has a telescopic effect on gross market share rather than on limited niche shareIn the context of Microsoft all the higher up possible strategies have been discussed. No doubt the company still enjoys pre-eminent position in its niche market. In the foreseeable emerging no major little terror is perceived to this position. But the fact is its niche market of today is threatening to lapse into dilution and redundancy due to rapid overshadowing by Internet and Wireless devices and applications. This is not of course going to make the company obsolete by any stretch of imagination. However there are faint warning signals, which the company will do well to recognize, invest in right research and innovation and sustain its leading edge in smart of the market dynamics and change magnitude competition. The focus areas have to be in tune with evolving technologies and applications. As marketing by definition is to identify customer needs and to satisfy them, the company cannot of all time hope to thrust its products and applications on the customers.Microsoft has the resources to do it. It should be willing to just do it Microsoft Analysis Essays -- essays research papers Microsoft AnalysisIntroduction and Summary of Company History and Background InformationMicrosoft over the past 27 years has positioned itself as the arterial system of almost all computers rolled into use across the world. Albeit with no competition worth the name to challenge its existence leave alone on technology advancements, the company has still managed to keep pace with both felt and perceived needs of its customers and i ts niche remains robust thus far. Nevertheless disturbing winds have begun to blow. Its corporate governance is under the microscope and the world is watching as to how Microsoft is bracing itself for the challenges posed both by competition (however innocuous it may be at present) and technology proliferation.Let us look at Microsofts expansion plans and initiatives to integrate them to its existing competencies-Microsofts role according to Mr. Gates himself is to provide a software platform that allows everyone who is building applications to build far more powerful applications. -MOM (Microsoft Operations Manager) 2005, which is a key management software and Virtual Server product as part of simplification of the IT lifecycle have been launched recently-In hardware domain the company has had the benefit of exponential improvement in recent decades. During the first half of next year, the company is expected tohave a very smooth transition from 32-bit to 64-bit systems, with total binary compatibility. This will provide the ability to mix 32-bit and 64-bit a simple recompilation for any application using the full 64-bit address base. That is a wonderful milestone no longer requiring people to buy expensive systems simply to achieve the best possible performance.-New graphics chips for better visualization larger screens, moving up to 17-inch, 19-inch or multi PAL type LCD displays and RFID for tagging information and having them available to track is on the agenda too.-Software developments in photography, web searches and music, and advances in gaming applications are on the anvil-Web-service protocols for connecting applications V Exchange and XML data are already in the pipeline.All this of course does not guarantee soun... ...ation and innovation leading to altogether new role and share in the market. This has a telescopic effect on gross market share rather than on limited niche shareIn the context of Microsoft all the above possible strategies have be en discussed. No doubt the company still enjoys pre-eminent position in its niche market. In the foreseeable future no major threat is perceived to this position. But the fact is its niche market of today is threatening to lapse into dilution and redundancy due to rapid overshadowing by Internet and Wireless devices and applications. This is not of course going to make the company obsolete by any stretch of imagination. However there are perceptible warning signals, which the company will do well to recognize, invest in right research and innovation and sustain its leading edge in spite of the market dynamics and increasing competition. The focus areas have to be in tune with evolving technologies and applications. As marketing by definition is to identify customer needs and to satisfy them, the company cannot always hope to thrust its products and applications on the customers.Microsoft has the resources to do it. It should be willing to just do it

Why I Have No Hero Essay -- essays research papers

Why I Have No HeroWhat is a zep? Does one catch to have superpowers, picky abilities orincredible talent to be considered one? Well, some of us seem to think so.Then there is the everyday teacher or topical anesthetic figure that is considered a hero toselected individuals in their community. To me a hero has to have a fewselected qualities, and I havent met anyone who can fulfill all three.First, a hero must be good at heart. A hero has to know how to give andtake accordingly. When he/she is needed to make a great commit to help thecommunity, their closest friends, or even their greatest enemies, they need toknow that it is okay to make that sacrifice and know they did the right thing.That person also needfully to go out and make a difference in their community andnot need any more motivation than the good experienceing they feel when theyve made apositive impact on the few people they met with and helped. A person that is tobe considered a hero must be course good and work for good and be there whenthey are needed most. They should not have to feel guilty about the negativeeffects of something they have done if the good it causes out weighs the bad.Honesty is a good trait to have if you want to be a hero. A hero needsto be honest with the public so that he/she will get the publics support toretain that hero status among them, and possibly gain that stat...

The Evil Actions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in Shakespeares Play Essa

Macbeth is a tragedy written by Shakespeare roughly mingled with the years 1603 and 1606. It was a play written following the death of Queen Elizabeth. The king at the time - James I of England/King James VI of Scotland was known to be a big supporter of theatre, witchcraft and demonology. Shakespeare and his associates soon into their career became known as the Kings men. The Kings ancestry was traced back to Banquo, a character from the play.At the beginning, Macbeth is spoken about by the three witches and we can tell that Macbeth must have had a reputation for being popular. He is called run Macbeth and is involved in bloody conflicts. Described as the hero, we learn that Macbeth himself killed Macdonwald in a battle that could have gone either way without the help of Macbeths talent on the battlefield. He is also portrayed as a heartfelt and caring man, when he himself decides that it is the wrong thing to do to murder the dry lands own king Duncan so that he can be king lik e the witches said. Everything about his character near the start of the play is good, and it seems as though he was the person people idolised at the time. skirt Macbeth gets a letter from Macbeth, in which she learns that the three witches had told Macbeth his destiny was to become King. All come up, Macbeth hail to thee, thane of GlamisAll hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of CawdorAll hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafterShe thinks that Macbeth is too weak to do anything about confirming this prophecy, and as a root decided to transforms herself instead, hoping that with her support, Macbeth will allow the witches predictions to come true. She enters the play confident and ready for anything that tried to get in her ... ...t this is what they wanted to be, and what they thought they were for a while. However, when it came down to doing the yucky work, they couldnt pull it off and they realized that they just werent those kinds of people. We know that Lady Macbeth cou ldnt make it, because she committed suicide in the end from an sickness caused by the murder and Macbeth didnt really want to become that way in the first place and was just influenced by his wife. I think that Lady Macbeth got caught up in the thought of her husband being the king, and she believed that she could become evil and that she was strong enough but, in the end, she wasnt, and Macbeth, rather than separating from her, letting down his wife and non getting involved in the evil acts Lady Macbeth thought she was capable of, went along with it, and in the end got killed from the acts of their selfishness.