Proportionality and Superposition Theorems Report free essay sample

This experiment focuses on two concepts. These concepts are Proportionality and Superposition theorems. Proportionality is a way to relate two quantities together. This means that when more input is supplied, you get more output which is proportional to the input. The Proportionality Theorem states that the response in a circuit is proportional to the source acting in the circuit. This is also known as Linearity. The proportionality constant (K) relates the input voltage to the output voltages as Superposition is another way to solve a linear electrical circuit. The Superposition Theorem states that in any linear electrical circuit, any voltage or current value can be obtained by taking the individual contributions to that voltage or current as a result of each source taken alone and summing them together Aim The aim of this experiment is to verify the proportionality and superposition theorems. Apparatus Breadboard Wires Multi-meter IDL 600 analogue lab Assorted resistors(1k? , 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Proportionality and Superposition Theorems Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3k? Procedure I constructed the first circuit as shown in fig1 using the breadboard, four wires and three resistors as shown in the diagram below. I connected my power source and took down the values of the output voltage across the 3. 3k? resistor for five different input voltages. I constructed the second circuit in fig 2 below using a breadboard, wires and three resistors, and took the measurements of the output voltage respectively for five consecutive inputs using a multi-metre. For the third circuit, i connected my switch so that it ad two inputs and calculated the Vout across the resistor joining them as in fig3 below. This circuit illustrates the principle of superposition. I took the measurement of Vout through the 3. 3k? resistor which is R3. Results 1. With Vin at 10volts, the output voltage across the 3. 3k? measured 2. 61volts Slope= 0. 2651 Taking the average value for k Comparing my slope and the average value of average k, i have a difference of  ±0. 0033. 2. With Vin at 5volts, the output voltage across the 3. 3k? measured 2. Taking the average value for k Comparing my slope and the average value of average k, i have a difference of  ±0. 002533 3. With Vin at 5volts and 10volts, we measured an output of 5. 51 across resistor 3. 3 k? 4. Adding the responses from fig 1 at 10V and fig2 at 5V Conclusion From this, I draw a conclusion that the principle of superposition and proportionality theorem are true because the sum of my measured values across circuit1 and circuit2 gave the same result as when I connected both sources and measured the output on same resistor.

Vindicate, Avenge and Revenge

Vindicate, Avenge and Revenge Vindicate, Avenge and Revenge Vindicate, Avenge and Revenge By Maeve Maddox The verbs avenge and revenge mean basically the same thing, but avenge is widely perceived as having nobler connotations than revenge. Both words, like the English word vindicate, derive from the Latin verb vindicare/vendicare: â€Å"to claim, to set free, to punish.† In early usage, all three words, vindicate, avenge, and revenge meant, â€Å"to punish† or â€Å"to exact retribution.† In modern usage, the most common meaning of vindicate is â€Å"to clear from censure, criticism, suspicion, or doubt† or â€Å"to justify.† People and things may be vindicated: Mubarak’s Wife Says Husband Has Been Vindicated Bayliss insists the decision made before his appointment to retain England’s leading Test run-scorer as captain has been vindicated. A year after his shock resignation, Pope Emeritus Benedict has no regrets and believes history will vindicate his tumultuous and much-criticized papacy. Avenge and revenge, however, retain the ideas of punishment and retaliation. Note: The word revenge functions as both noun and verb. Avenge is always a verb. Its noun form is vengeance. Although there is no authoritative rule to distinguish avenge and vengeance from revenge, a perception exists that there is a difference. For example, The Chicago Manual of Style offers this note: Avenge connotes an exaction for a wrong. The corresponding noun is vengeance. Revenge connotes the infliction of harm on another out of anger or resentment. Revenge is much more commonly a noun. Likewise, Paul Brians (Common Errors in English Usage), promotes the distinction: When you try to get vengeance for people who’ve been wronged, you want to avenge them. You can also avenge a wrong itself: â€Å"He avenged the murder by taking vengeance on the killer.† Substituting â€Å"revenge† for â€Å"avenge† in such contexts is very common, but frowned on by some people. They feel that if you seek revenge in the pursuit of justice you want to avenge wrongs, not revenge them. Two examples from literature illustrate the difference. In The Princess Bride, Inigo Montoya seeks vengeance for the murder of his father, whereas in Moby Dick, Captain Ahab seeks revenge for an injury inflicted by an animal. Montoya has justice on his side, but Ahab acts from wounded pride, irrationally attributing vindictive intentions to a nonhuman creature. Considering how mean-spirited cyber culture has become, the distinction between revenge and avenge is probably a useful one to observe. Here, for example, are the titles of just a few of the distressingly large number of how-to articles on the topic of punishing people for perceived affronts: How to Get Revenge on Anyone The Ten Commandments of Revenge 50 Random Ways To Get Revenge How to take revenge on your Boss 10 Outrageous Ways to Get Revenge On An Ex How to Get Subtle Revenge on Your Enemies How to take revenge on Your Parents How to Get the Sweetest Revenge Ever Note: Until recently, the phrase â€Å"take revenge† was more common than â€Å"get revenge.† â€Å"Take revenge† is still more common than â€Å"get revenge† in the Ngram database of printed books, but a Google search shows â€Å"get revenge† ahead of â€Å"take revenge† on the Web. Perhaps we should reserve vengeance and avenge for retribution motivated by a wrong that any reasonable person would regard as appalling and use revenge to denote the desire to hurt someone for no better motive than anger or hurt pride. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormThe "Pied" in The Pied Piper

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 242

Assignment Example investigation before discipline, proof of guilt, reasonable penalty, absence of discrimination, and fair investigation imply that an employee may have been wrongly terminated. 3. The Fair Labor Standard Act describes two categories of employees; exempt and non-exempt. According to the legislation, exempt employees are not governed by this act and must be paid a fixed salary and meet certain criteria in relation to the job content. Non-exempt employees are covered by the act and are entitle to overtime pay. 4. Job evaluation refers to the process of determining the relative worth of one job to another. Performance evaluation refers to a process of determining, documenting, and evaluating and employee’s job performance. 5. The Lead policy ascribes to an organization’s pay structure that is set to remain ahead of the market for an annum. The match policy sets an organization compensation structure to bare similarity to that of the market. The lag policy sets the pay structure of an organization behind that of its market competitors. 9. Training focuses on the current job while development focuses on current and future jobs at the organization. Training has a shorter time frame compared to development in that it is immediate while development takes on a long term time frame. The scope of training aims at individual employees while development targets at the work group organization. The goal of training is at fixing a current skill deficit among employees while development prepares employees for future work demands. An example of training is onboarding where freshly hired management level employees are imparted with skills to perform the immediate tasks placed on them. An example of a development program for employees is off-site training where employees get to attend seminars and course offered outside the organization, which can assist them to come up with creative solutions towards ongoing

REading Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

REading Response - Assignment Example They assert that there should be an equitable assessment of both kinds of students. The article by National Association for the Education of Young Children (1995) is an accurate expression of the importance of roles of families and educators in providing linguistically and culturally diverse children with equal learning opportunities. Families must support educators in recognizing their children’s potential. As for Soleno-Flores and Trumbell (2003), I believe that it is very important for the educators to design such polices that give a bit flexibility to students whose first language is not English, so that they are tested fairly. They cannot be tested on equal grounds with students with English as primary language. I believe that the article by National Association for the Education of Young Children (1995) can be helpful for educators in building classroom communities where all children are encouraged to collaborate with each other while accepting each other’s linguistic and cultural background. A classroom community is a place where children from all backgrounds are encouraged to learn through collaboration and group-based learning. The recommendations presented by Soleno-Flores and Trumbell (2003) can be very helpful for second language learners. Classrooms where diverse population is present, educators can make use of these recommendations to cater to their students’ individual needs. National Association for the Education of Young Children. (1995). Responding to Linguistic and Cultural Diversity: Recommendations for Effective Early Childhood Education. Retrieved March 12, 2014, from https://www.naeyc.org/files/naeyc/file/positions/PSDIV98.PDFhttps://www.naeyc.org/files/naeyc/file/positions/PSDIV98.PDF Soleno-Flores, G., & Trumbell, E. (2003). Examining language in context: The need for new research and practice paradigms in the testing of English-language learners. Educational Researcher, 32(2),

Quality control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Quality control - Essay Example p). This ensures that constructions are safe and there is accountability in the entire process. For instance, supervisors can use the app to monitor the activities undertaken at the site before allowing patients for admission. The safety in handling materials is that errors can be detected before the completion of construction sites. This is because of the app’s capacity to conduct safety audit and increase productivity. It is also apparent that innovative methods are utilized to streamline procedures and minimize time wastage in the hospitals. This arises because workers need to have an assurance of their safety for efficient service delivery (Thomas and Nguyen, n. p). The examples of QC methods on inspection issues for compliance entail the GPS locator that determines the areas where faults might be present. The methods adopted must comply with the safety requirements, which are submitted electronically to the system. It implies that safety qualities need to convey the correct information to the app’s signal system. However, rejection of work is only prudent if the construction is deemed risky, failing to meet the set standards (Donabedian

Analysing isolation of DNA plasmid and Agragose of gel electophoresis

Analysing isolation of DNA plasmid and Agragose of gel electophoresis Introduction (a) The aim of this experiment was to successfully isolate a DNA plasmid from E.Coli cells (Escherichia coli). We then use commonly performed a method commonly used in biochemistry and molecular biology called agarose gel electrophoresis. This is used to separate DNA and RNA fragments according to length are used to estimate the size and charge of the DNA and RNA fragments or to separate protein by size. In this procedure as stated above, we used e.coli as these are plasmid containing cells. These cells were placed in a buffer and mixed with a solution of 1% (w/v) SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) which was mixed with sodium hydroxide. The alkaline solution (12.6PH) causes the molecular weight increases this causes it to become like chromosomal DNA. Using alkaline lyses is based on differential denaturation of chromosomal and plasmid DNA in order to separate the two. The double stranded plasmid and chromosomal DNA is converted to single stranded DNA due to the lyses of the cells which solubilises protein and denatures the DNA. Subsequent neutralization is potassium acetate allows only covalently closed DNA plasmid DNA to reanneal and stay solubilized. Chromosomal and plasmid DNA precipitate in a complex formed with potassium and SDS which is removed by centrifugation. Protein dodecyl sulphate complexes are precipitated die to it being insoluble in water. When centrifugation neutralizes the lysine it yields to a minuscule supernatant fraction that contains plasmid DNA a network of chromosomal DNA and protein Plasmid DNA is concentrated by from the supernatant by ethanol precipitation. Plasmid DNA isolated by alkaline lyses is suitable for most analyses and cloning procedures without further purification however if the isolated plasmid DNA is sequenced and additional purification step such as phenol extraction is used. (b) The aim of Agarose gel electrophoresis is to analyse the plasmid DNA that was extracted from the procedure before. The technique of electrophoresis is based on the fact that DNA is negatively charged at neutral pH due to its phosphate backbone. And like any other biological macromolecules can move within an electrical field. The rate of the DNA slows down when its moves towards opposite poles because of the agarose. The agarose gel is a buffer solution this is used to maintain the required pH and salt concentration. The agarose forms hole or wells in the buffer solution and the DNA inserted in through the holes to move toward the positive pole. As mentioned before the agarose gel slows down the rate of DNA so the smaller DNA moves faster than the larger molecules of DNA as the smaller ones fit through the whole easier. This causes the DNA to be separated by size and can be seen visually. To make the electrophoresis to function and separate DNA molecules it must contain an electro phoresis chamber.and power supply, combs which are placed in the chamber this is how wells are formed when agarose is placed in the gel, Trays that contains a special gel that comes in many sizes and and have UV-properties combs which is how wells are formed when agarose is placed in the gel, Electrophoresis buffer, Loading buffer, which has a thick consistancy (e.g. glycerol) so the DNA can be easily placed in the wells and one or two tracking dyes, these travel in the gel and help visualize how the process is being carried out and to moniter how far electrophoresis undergone. Ethidium bromide, is a dye used to stain the nucleic acids.  . Tran illuminator  (an ultraviolet light box), which is used to visualize ethidium bromide-stained DNA in gels.   Method for plasmid isolation 1.5 ml of culture that contains E.coli cells containing the plasmid pUC118 was inserted into an Eppendorf tube. This was then centrifuged at 13000 rpm for two minutes The liquid contained in the Eppendorf tube was discarded carefully by using a pipette and then inverting the tube on a test tube to remove remaining drops of the liquid without removing the bacterial pellet 200 micro-liters of solution A was added to the bacterial pellet. This ensured that the suspension is homogenized (mixtures are well separated 400 micro-liters of solution B was then added and mixed well these solutions contain the SDS and sodium hydroxide. This neutralizes the solutions 300 micro-liters of solution C which contains the potassium acetate which was also mixed and then was incubated on ice for 10 minutes This mixture was the centrifuged at 13000rpm for 5 minutes 750 micro-liters of this supernatant was transferred to a new Eppendorf tube whilst ensuring none of the precipitate was interfered with 10 micro-liters if RNAse solution was added to a duplicate tube and labeled as R+ 450 micro-liters of isopropanol was added to each test tube and mixed well This was then centrifuged at 13000rpm for 5 minutes The supernatants were then carefully removed and the DNA was retained 400 micro-liters of ethanol was added and allowed to stand for a minute it allow the salts to dissolve the liquid was carefully removed so as not to remove the DNA precipitate. The sample was then allowed to dry at room temperature Each pellet was then dissolved in 10 micro-liters of TE buffer Q1 The viscosity after 400 micro-liters of solution B was added and mixed a low viscosity was observed as it had a very watery texture. Q2 there was no viscosity after the transfer of 750 micro-liters of supernatant to a new eppendorf (a) Agarose gel electrophoresis The sample obtained from the experimental procedure above were then examined using the method of agarose gel electrophoresis The RNAse treated and untreated plasmids were examined. 10 micro-liters of loading buffer was added to 10 micro-liters of DNA for each sample The samples containing DNA mixed with loading buffer were then pipetted into the sample wells, and a current was applied. This was carried out for 30 minutes It was clear that the current was flowing as bubbles were observed to be coming off the electrodes. The negatively charged DNA migrated towards the positive electrode at the distal end, (which is usually colored red) It was analyzed that the smaller DNA molecules travelled quickly through the gel which showed that the procedure was carried out successfully as the DNA was separated according to size Results/ Discussion (a) Isolation of DNA plasmid The DNA plasmid was successfully extracted from the E.coli cells and then the DNA was the successfully separated according to size by using the agarose gel electrophoresis method. Solution A contains 25 mM of Tris-HCL (pH 8.0)50 EDTA. Tris is a buffering agent this maintains a constant pH. The EDTA is used to protect the DNA from DNAses which are degradative enzymes; the EDTA also binds divalent cations that are necessary for DNAse activity. The solution B contains SDS which is a detergent and NaOH. This neutralizes the solution, the alkaline mixture also causes the cells to rupture and the SDS the lipid membrane is broken apart and the cellular proteins are solubilized, NaOH converts the DNA into a single strands which is caused by denaturation. The solution C contains potassium acetate (pH 4.3) the acetic acid neutralizes the pH, allowing the DNA strands to renature. The potassium acetate is added its causes the SDS to precipitate, along with the cellular debris. The  E. coli chromosomal DNA is also precipitated. The plasmid DNA remains in the solution. The viscosity of this is very high as it has a very gel like texture. When the supernatant is placed in a new eppendorf tube after 5 minutes of centrifuge this causes the plasmid DNA to separate from the cellular debris and chromosomal DNA in the pellet. The isopropanol is then added this pulls the plasmid out and causes it to precipitate nucleic acids. After centrifuge a small white pellet was observed at the bottom of the tube after the supernatant was carefully removed this further purifies the plasmid DNA from contaminants. 400microliters of ethanol was added this washed the residual salt and SDS from the DNA. All these changes that were observed after the addition of these solutions were expected as they are what help us extract the DNA plasmid for an end product. (b) Agarose gel electrophoresis After placing the DNA plasmid in the wells electrophoresis was carried out. The results were then obtained and recorded. The size of the DNA fragment is determined from its electrophoretic mobility. The DNA fragments of know molecular weight markers are run on the gel and a graph of log MW against migration distance is drawn. There are three different forms of agarose DNA first theres the open circular plasmid DNA this is the first band that occurs on the picture. The circular plasmid is a  double-stranded  circular  DNA  molecule  that has been nicked in one of the strands to allow the release of any super-helical turns present in the  molecule. The open circular plasmid migrates more slowly than a linear or super-coiled  molecule  of the same size this is due to associated differences in  conformation, or shape, of the  molecules. this is why it is the first band that occurs on the picture result. Linear DNA has free ends, either because both strands have been cut, or because the DNA was linear  in vivo. The rate of migration for small linear fragments is directly proportional to the voltage applied at low voltages. At a specified, low voltage, the migration rate of small linear DNA fragments is a function of their length. Large linear fragments (over 20kb or so) migrate at a certain fixed rate regardless of length. This is because the molecules resperate, with the bulk of the molecule following the leading end through the gel matrix.  Restriction digests  are frequently used to analyse purified plasmids. These enzymes specifically break the DNA at certain short sequences. The resulting linear fragments form bands after  gel electrophoresis. It is possible to purify certain fragments by cutting the bands out of the gel and dissolving the gel to release the DNA fragments. This is neither fast nor slow in comparison to the other DNA plasmid. The super-coiled Plasmid DNA normally occurs naturally, there is super-coiling in DNA only if there is a replication of a DNA plasmid and this occurs for a small space of time and that is removed by cutting the DNA by specific enzymes, this is part of DNA replication mechinary. This type of DNA plasmid is the fastest as it is the last band shown out of the three this is Because of its tight conformation. The picture above shows the results obtained from the agarose gel electrophoresis. The lane numbers are marked over the wells. The lane before lane 1 that is titled M is the molecular weight marker. All three forms of plasmid DNA is present in this result, the open circular, the linear and the supercoiled. There is an extra band of RNA present however not clearly visible this is because the RNA fragments migrated ahead of dye front as diffuse a band, the ribonuclease gets rid of this band, a blue tracking dye cause the black smudge under the DNA plasmid and beneath that is the barley visable RNA. RNA is very unstable under these conditions, as a result RNA can be completely degraded befor the ribonuclease has been added. It can be seen that DNA is present more in one band then another, however the one with the less amount could have a bigger fragment. There seems to be logarithmic relationship between the size of the DNA fragment and the distance it travels on the gel. A standered curve can be made if we measure the length the bands in different lanes travelled if the fragment sizes are known. The more points plotted and the larger the separation there is on the gel, the results will be more accurate. Conclusion The experimental procedures carried out were a success, the DNA plasmid was obtained and the agarose gel electrophoresis resulted with in a clear picture as shown and outlined above, of the DNA being successfully separated. The uses of purified plasma in DNA research is for molecular cloning.

Eulogy for Father :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Father As you all know, there were certain things Loyd liked -- dogs, and poker games, football, and airplanes -- and there were certain things he didn’t like -- carrots, political speeches, telephone solicitations (especially those made by insurance men), and long-winded eulogies. I won’t do that because for every story that I could tell today about Loyd, his friends here today could tell fifty more. I am very secure in the knowledge that Loyd lived every day of his life to the fullest and I feel that Mother and Delia Ruth are secure in that knowledge as well. And we are very grateful to you all to be here today with us to honor his life. As Brother Sam said, Papa was born in Norfolk County, Virginia, the son of Ovie and Ruth Owen. One of his earliest memories was of crossing the Mississippi River on his way back home to Texas where he lived, except for his time in the Army Air Corps, until his death this past Saturday. He graduated from Junction High School in 1938 and he very much enjoyed his memories of playing football for the Eagles, a game that he continued to love throughout his life, second only to poker, and most recently, the lottery. He enlisted in the Air Force on July 30, 1940 and was given the opportunity to become an enlisted pilot with the rank of Staff Sergeant Pilot . His membership in the Army Air Corps Enlisted Pilots Association gave him great pleasure and just last month in Austin he and his buddies refought the war at their bi-annual reunion. You’ll be very pleased to know we won again. He was a graduate of the class of 42-H from Kelly Field and flew fifty-one bombing missions in North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. He married Dortha W. of Menard the same day he received his wings, September 6, 1942. He liked to say he got his wings that morning and had them clipped that afternoon. For more than 50 years he has owned and operated Buster’s Laundry and Cleaners, first with his parents and then as sole proprietor. He was very proud of his business and once we were together at a social gathering in Kerrville and he had been sitting there with that look on his face you all know so well listening to self-important oil men and bankers talk about their work.

HRM Strategy in a case study on IKEA Essay

1. Introduction The human resource function has undergone throughout its history major transformations and evolutions. Concepts managements have given way to others as imposed by the globalisation of markets and by a workforce more educated, more fluid and diverse. In this context of internationalisation, companies are anxious to take their benefit so as to seek the most advantageous model management. United States speak of mobilising and unifying model of human resources. Warner (2011) discusses about Japanese model that focuses on employee participation in company decisions. Finally, the Swedish model which works on the establishment of principle of consensus. Each of these models present advantages and disadvantages, strengths and weaknesses. What is the most interesting model of human resources management and more profitable for the organisation? , the models are they transferable and applicable to cultures and different to hand out? Can a European model applied in North America and a Japanese model in Europe? What adaptation the organisation needs to do to succeed in setting? To answer this question, I have chosen the Swedish multinational IKEA. The organisation was founded in 1943 by its principal designer Ingvar Kamprad in southern Sweden. The organisation has more than 325 stores, present in 44 countries around the world, and employ more than 140,000 employees. In Quebec, IKEA opened its first store in 1982 in town centre of Montreal, in 1986 it then moved to Cavendish in the borough of Saint-Laurent employed 13,000 people in North America. The main activity of the company is selling furniture and interior designs; it is considered a world leader in this niche market. In this analysis I will try to define the concept model of human resource management IKEA adopted for its store in Quebec, understand the reasons for this choice and the success of this model. Present the functions of HRM in this organisation and its evolution through the years and finish with a personal reflection on practice and business strategy in this area The IKEA case study discusses the aspects of HRM and the approaches adopted by IKEA focuses on nurturing and developing staff. In aiming to achieve corporate goals, this initiative has enable growth, innovation, creativeness and success of the organisation. In this case study, the analysis will focus on recruitment and selection, training, work organization and labour mobility. 2. HRM practices and systems in place In order to achieve strategic objectives and goals defined by the founder Ingvar Kamprad, IKEA made changes in its human resource practises and culture at work. The organisation has put in place a human resource management initiative that makes it have a competitive advantage. Furthermore IKEA human resource management style is largely described as incorporating the HRM strategy with its corporate strategy. In terms of the organisation’s business strategy, it can be analysed that it has evolved for the past few years, where new strategy such as innovative and creative designs has taken place for more affordable cost. 3. Measurement of Managers performance The Swedish company, committed towards its working time frames restructuration, identified as an essential point to measure its managers’ performance. â€Å"A senior officer should not be a doer, but a team coordinator,† says Marc Chousseaud, human resources director who is one of the twenty leaders judged. This assessment tool allows everyone to become aware of defects management. Inaugurated in March during a training session of leadership in management, the tool – called Index Coordination Skills – is part of the Anglo-Saxon Team Management System method. It comes in the form of a questionnaire with 66 points relating to 11 skills that the manager must show. Each of the twenty managerial staff was initially self-assessed and distributed the questionnaire to teammates at headquarters and in stores. The Director of Human Resources has been judged by his collaborators (five person) and nine human resources managers, all done in an anonymous way. This cross -evaluation overcomes personal conflicts and obtains the most objective assessment possible. 4. The eleven skills measured for executives Ikea The 360 ° evaluation of Ikea frames method, used by Team Management System, determines eleven core competencies: ââ€" ¶ Listening: the manager must listen before judging; ââ€" ¶ Communication: he regularly exchanges with members of the team; ââ€" ¶ Troubleshooting: it is available and ability to overcome obstacles; ââ€" ¶ Team development: it provides the balance of talents; ââ€" ¶ Division of labour: it distributes tasks based on skills and individual preferences; ââ€" ¶ Confidence: it promotes respect, understanding and trust; ââ€" ¶ Delegation: he says the work he should not personally perform; ââ€" ¶ Exemplary: he leads by example and is accepted by the team high standards of quality; ââ€" ¶ Determination of objectives it sets exciting challenges and exerts a constant pressure to improve performance; ââ€" ¶ Coordination: coordinate effectively and meet all the members of his team; ââ€" ¶ Participation: it involves team members in solving important problems. Companies are often considered unsatisfactory, both from the point of view of employers and that of employees as well. The definition of evaluation criteria also depends on the type of management practiced in the organization. In this context, the evaluation of the individual is in achieving or not objectives fixed. Schematically, the performance of an individual can be evaluated along three dimensions, Work done; Results of its work; and Personal characteristics. 5. Motivation Factor The motivation of people at work is a key factor in business success. The meaning of work and character of obligation are dependent on its culture, structures, social, and economic realities. The involvement and motivation cannot be obtained everywhere and always by the same means. Theories and methods used by business leaders and managers to boost motivation date forty years , while the conditions of work, nature of work and skills as well as the socio- economic conditions have changed considerably and change again. Mitchell (1982) states that to engage in certain specified behaviours, motivation is considered as the level which is chosen and desired by an individual, however Steers and Porter (1991) defined motivation to be a number of forces that are co-related thus causing people to have certain way of behaviour. The third strategy is the management of human resources in the store. 75% of employees work in IKEA stores. The primary role of the store management is to recruit, train and retain motivated employees. There are a number of key factors to effectively manage a store: a turnover rate of the size of the order of 20 % per year, a proportion of full- time should not be less than 40 % or 50 % of the workforce , a maintenance management staff for five years in the ideal, and in any case for at least three years . Depiction from IKEA case study highlights that the IKEA’s SHRM policies have led to significant fall in employee turnover, i.e. fall in employee turnover to 6% in 2001 to 56% in 2002, and only 35% in 2003, thus prominence rise drift in motivation of the employees to be a part of the organization above longer durations than before. Strong leadership, a focus on skills development and planning staff are key to the management of human resources. Maslow hierarchy of needs IKEA case study has showed the use of motivational techniques ranging between Maslow’s hierarchy of needs i.e.: psychological, security, safety, affection, self-esteem, and self-actualisation. 6. Conclusion IKEA’ culture notably values the employees; by providing enriched job the organisation promotes engagement amongst employee. IKEA should use effective communication as a mean to promote high level of engagement and interaction. Different methods of communication can motivate from low level to high level of interaction. In IKEA case study an important aspect has been noticed that is none other than the use of communication. Communication eventually improved the relationship between employees with employers and enhanced the ambition in terms of motivation and commitment of the staff towards the company. In conclusion, for IKEA to be successful on a long run, they need to promote employee engagement and interest towards the organisation. In order to generate and engage workforce, IKEA need to value its employees and show them that they genuinely care for their well-being. IKEA has proved about its concerns about care and employee flexibility where this initiative has contributed greatly in engaging employees in the organisation. References: Baron, A. and Armstrong, M., (2007), â€Å"Human Capital Management, Achieving Added value Through People†, Kogan Page Limited London Amstrong, M., (2008), â€Å"Reward Management: A handbook of Renumeration Strategy and Practice†, Kogan Page Limited London Barney, J., (1986), â€Å"Organizational Culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage?† Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 3, Pg. 656-665 Attridge, M., (2009), â€Å"Measuring and Managing Employee work Engagement: A review of the Research and business literature†, Journal of Workplace behavioural health, Pg. 383-393 Corone, B., (2012), â€Å"Research in Management†, Eramus Institute of Management PhD Series, Netherlands Clutterbuck, D., (2004), â€Å"Making the most of informal mentoring: A positive climate is key†, Development and Learning in Organizations; Vol. 18, Issue: 4 Sarah, C., (2010), â€Å"The essential to employee engagement: better performance through staff satisfaction†, Kogan Page UK Douglas, et al., (2004), â€Å"The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagem ent of human spirit at work†, Journal of Occupational psychology, Pg.11-37 Gerhart, B. & Fang, M., (2005), â€Å"National culture and human resource management: assumptions and evidence†, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 16 Issue 6, Pg. 971-986 Duncan, C., (2001), â€Å"The impact of two decades of reform of British Public Sector industrial relations†, Public Money and Management, Pg. 27-33 Gunnigle, P., Heraty, N., & Morley, M., (2006) â€Å"Human Resource Management in Ireland†, Gill & Macmillan, 3rd Edition Dublin Gibb, S., (1994), â€Å"Inside corporate mentoring schemes: the development of a conceptual framework†, Personnel Review, Vol. 23 No. 3, Pg. 47-60 Kelly D. & Albert J., (2005), â€Å"Maslow: man interrupted: reading management theory in context†, Management Decision; Vol. 43 Issue 10 Hofstede, G., (1991), â€Å"Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, Intellectual Cooperation and Its Importance for Survival†, Berkshire, McGraw Hill Lynch, R., (2003), â€Å"Corporate Strategy†, 3rd Ed, FT Prentice Hall Kinne, N. Et al., (2005), â€Å"Satisfaction with HR Practices and Commitment to the Organisation: Why one size does not fit all†, Human Resources management Journal Amstrong, M., (2006), â€Å"Strategic Reward: Making it happen†, Kogan Page Limited London Rayner, C. and Derek, A., (2009), â€Å"Managing and Leading People† 2nd Edition CIPD London Marchington, M. & Wilkinson A., (2008), â€Å"Human Resource Management at Work, People Management and Development†, 4th Edition CIPD London Rolf, R., (1999), â€Å"Workforce of the future†, Global Business, Pg. 52-57 Murphy, K. & Gosselin, A., (1994), â€Å"The failure of the performance evaluation†, Vol. 19, N ° 3 Amstrong, M., (2009), â€Å"Armstrong handbook of Human Resource Management Practice†, Kogan Page Limited London Web references: Case Study http://www.palgrave.com/business/beynon-daviesbis2e/students/case-studies/IKEA_2nd-edition.pdf http://www.iisd.org/business/viewcasestudy.aspx?id=119 Ikea Case Study .slidesContainer img { border: none } var slideshare_object = { flagging: {"update_url":"https://www.slideshare.net/main/flag?slideshow_id=3204920","is_flagged":false}, user: {"userGroup":"non-member","login":"guest","id":null,"loggedin":false,"name":null,"is_valid_fbuser":false,"fb_userid":null,"is_pro":"false","su":false,"is_test_user":false,"has_uploads":null,"is_li_connected":false,"is_li_auto_created_user":false,"show_li_connect_cta":false,"has_privacy_enabled":null,"li_tracking_url":"https://www.linkedin.com/li/track"}, timer: { start: (new Date()).getTime(), end: '', execTime: '' }, top_nav: { get_url: "/top_nav"}, li_bar: {get_url: "/li_bar"}, dev: false, init: [], feature_flag: [], is_ssl: true, rum_pagekey: "desktop_slideview_embed_code_loggedout", slideshow: { id: 3204920, is_clickgen_enabled: 'false', clickgen_url: '' } }; // // var _jspl = {} _jspl.pageInitTime = (new Date()).getTime(); window._gaq = []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount','UA-2330466-1']); _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', '.slideshare.net']); _gaq.push(['_addIgnoredRef', 'slideshare.net']); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 2, 'document_referrer', document.referrer]); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/embedPlayerView']); (function(){ // google analytics var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 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Whats a Good ACT Score for Your College

What's a Good ACT Score for Your College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Hopefully at this point in your college application process you have thought about your dream schools. Whether you took the ACT once and are debating taking it again or if you are just beginning the ACT preparation process, you are probably wondering what ACT will get you accepted. While there is no one exact ACT score that will be considered â€Å"good† for your college or guarantee you a spot, there is a particular ACT score that will you give you the best chance of being accepted. What is it? I will answer that and more by guiding you through 4 easy steps. College ACT Score Ranges and What They Mean for You Before figuring out your target score, you should look at colleges’ ACT score range.The score range will show the scores that admitted freshmen received.Usually, schools provide you with scores from the most recent applicant pool. The scores will be written in one of two ways: as a 25th/75th percentile range or as an average ACT score.The 25th percentile score indicates 25% of admits received an ACT score at or below that number (and 75% of admits scored higher).The 75th percentile score means 75% of admits received an ACT score at or below that number (and 25% of admits scored higher).The average ACT scoreis simply the average of all admitted students’ ACT scores. Looking at the score ranges will help you understand what ACT score you need to be a competitive applicant to that universitysince you'll know what ACT scores admitted students received.Before figuring out your target ACT score, you need to figure out what your list of target schools. Step #1: Create Your List of Target Schools You may have some schools in mind, but take the time to write down a list of the schools you hope to attend. Do not include your safety schools on this list.A safety school is a schoolthat you're almost certain you'll be accepted to with the ACTscore and GPA you have now. This target school list should include the more selective colleges. You should exclude the safety schools because you want to plan your target ACT score for the colleges with the most difficult admissions criteria. If you meet the admissions criteria for the selective colleges, you'll very likely be accepted to your safety schools.Once you have identified your target schools, draw a table with 3 columns with the following titles: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score Fill in your target colleges under school name as I did below: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score University of Michigan UC Berkeley Under the 2nd column for 25th percentile or average ACT, you should write either the 25th percentile or average SAT score for that college. As I said before, universities will only give you one or the other; whichever they give you, writethat number in that column. Under the last column for 75th percentile / target score, write the school’s 75th percentile score (if you can find it). For colleges that give average ACT, you will be calculating a unique target score later on in this article. Step #2: Find Out the ACT Scores of Admitted Students. Now that you have your list finding the admitted students’ ACT score range is very easy. Simply search â€Å"[College Name] ACT† or â€Å"[College Name] ACT 25th/75th percentile† in Google.That will lead you to what is known as the Freshman Admission Profile for your target school.If you can't locatea Freshman Admit Profile for your target college, check out our database of college admission requirements. There you'll find the admissions requirementsfor almost every schoolin the US. Use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search for your target college. Here is a screenshot of University of Michigan’s Freshman Admit Profile: Colleges will usually provide you with the 25th/75th percentile ACT score for freshmen. Some colleges call it the mid 50% range (as UMich does above), but the 2 numbers they provide are the 25th and 75th percentile scores.For UMich, the 25th percentile ACT score is 30, and the 75th percentile ACT score is 34. Add the 25th percentile / 75th percentile composite ACT score to your chart in the appropriate columns: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score University of Michigan 31 34 UC Berkeley While most colleges tell you the 25th/75th percentile ACT scores, other colleges will only give you one number, the average ACT score for admits (which UC Berkeley does on their admissions site).The average ACT score is just the average of all of the ACT scores for admits. Since the score is an average, you cannot determine exactly how many applicants scored above and below it, but we will assume about 50% of admits scored above and 50% of admits scored below. For Berkeley, the average ACT is 31. Knowing this information, we'll writeit in the column for 25th Percentile or Average SAT, leave the 75th Percentile / Target Score blank for now for the schools that only provide average ACT. I'll explain what to fill in for those schools later on: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score University of Michigan 31 34 UC Berkeley 31 Step #3: Determine Your Target Score for Those Schools. Based on each school’s 25th/75th percentile ACT or average ACT, we'll determine what your target score should be.For schools that provide the 25th/75th percentile ACT, you should aim for a score at or above the 75th percentile. (Which is exactly why I had you list the 75th percentile in the same column as target score. The 75th percentile is your target score!) For those schools that just give you an average composite ACT (such as UC Berkeley), I would aim for a score 2 points above that average score.For the best shot of admission to UC Berkeley, I would aim for a 33. You should writein that number (the average ACT plus 2 points) on your chart under 75th percentile / Target score: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score University of Michigan 31 34 UC Berkeley 31 33 You may wonder why you shouldn’t aim a score closer to the 25th percentile or the average since many applicants are accepted with that score. I wrote this article assuming that you are a â€Å"normal† applicant and not a â€Å"special† applicant. To qualify as a special applicant, you need to be an athlete, legacy, child of significant donors, or a unique talent (such as world-class opera singers or famous actors). These special applicants are typically admitted with the lower scores (25th percentile score). If you're a â€Å"normal† applicant, you'll want a higher ACT score to set you apart and give yourself the best chance of being accepted. The higher your score, the better your chance of admission. As an example, check out Brown University’s breakdown of admission; below is a screenshot: If you look at the highest score (36), 23.8% of applicants who scored a 36 were accepted to Brown, which is significantly higher than the overall Brown admissions rate 8.7%. You can see that as your score begins to decline (you get between 33 and 35) your chance of admission drops by 11.1%, from 23.8% to 12.7%.The lesson to take away from this data is the higher you score, the better your chance of being accepted. In my chart above, the two â€Å"Target Scores† vary by 1 point, so which should you aim for?Aim for the highest target score on your list. That way, when you reach the highest target score, you have the best chance of admission at all of the universities on your list. If you got a 34 and applied to UC Berkeley and University of Michigan, you would have a great chance of being accepted to both. However, if you aimed for the lower target score and got a 33 and applied to University of Michigan, you would now fall short of the 75th percentile score and be in the middle 50% of admits scores. You still have a decent chance of being accepted, but your chances are not quite as good. Step #4: Create a Plan to Achieve Your Target ACT Score. To achieve your target score, you need to have a clearplan of attack. If you need significant improvement to meet your target score, you should think about taking an ACT prep class, hiring an ACT tutor, or using an online ACT program such as PrepScholar. Our program figures out your strengths and weaknesses and personalizes your ACT preparation to your needs. For more information about our program, read How to Ensure Online Tutoring from PrepScholarTutors is Right for You? If your family can’t afford one of those options and/or you want to prepare on your own, check out our ACT study plan guides: 5 Step SAT/ACT Test Dates Study Plan for Summer before Senior Year SAT/ACT Test Dates Study Plan for Sophomores and Juniors SAT / ACT Study Guide: Schedule and Plan for One Year or More Don't forget that your target score is in reach if you put in the time and effort. What’s Next? Learn more about preparing for the ACT: How Many Questions Can You Skip for a Good ACT Score? Systems of Equations on ACT Math: Algebra Strategies and Practice Problems The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT English: Tips, Rules, Practice, and Strategies The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT Science: Tips, Practice, and Strategies Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

East India Company - History of Britain

East India Company - History of Britain The East India Company was a private company which, after a long series of wars and diplomatic efforts, came to rule India in the 19th century. Chartered by Queen Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, the original company comprised a group of London merchants who hoped to trade for spices at islands in present day Indonesia. Ships of the companys first voyage sailed from England in February 1601. After a series of conflicts with Dutch and Portuguese traders active in the Spice Islands, the East India Company concentrated its efforts on trading on the Indian subcontinent. The East India Company Began to Focus on Importing From India In the early 1600s the East India Company began dealing with the Mogul rulers of India. On the Indian coasts, English traders set up outposts which would eventually become the cities of Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta. Numerous products, including silk, cotton, sugar, tea, and opium, began to be exported out of India. In return, English goods, including wool, silver, and other metals, were shipped to India. The company found itself having to hire its own armies to defend trading posts. And over time what began as a commercial enterprise also became a military and diplomatic organization. British Influence Spread Across India in the 1700s In the early 1700s the Mogul Empire was collapsing, and various invaders, including Persians and Afghans, entered India. But the major threat to British interests came from the French, who began seizing British trading posts. At the Battle of Plassey, in 1757, forces of the East India Company, though greatly outnumbered, defeated Indian forces backed by the French. The British, led by Robert Clive, had successfully checked the French incursions. And the company took possession of Bengal, an important region of northeastern India, which greatly increased the companys holdings. In the late 1700s, company officials became notorious for returning to England and showing off the enormous wealth they had accumulated while in India. They were referred to as nabobs, which was the English pronunciation of nawab, the word for a Mogul leader. Alarmed by reports of enormous corruption in India, the British government began to take some control over company affairs. The government began appointing the companys highest official, the governor-general. The first man to hold the governor-general position, Warren Hastings, was eventually impeached when members of Parliament became resentful at the economic excesses of the nabobs. The East India Company In the Early 1800s The successor to Hastings, Lord Cornwallis (who is remembered in America for having surrendered to George Washington during his military service in the American War of Independence) served as governor-general from 1786 to 1793. Cornwallis set a pattern which would be followed for years, instituting reforms and rooting out the corruption which allowed employees of the company to amass great personal fortunes. Richard Wellesley, who served as governor general in India from 1798 to 1805 was instrumental in extending the rule of the company in India. He ordered the invasion and acquisition of Mysore in 1799. And the first decades of the 19th century became an era of military successes and territorial acquisitions for the company. In 1833 the Government of India act enacted by Parliament actually ended the companys trading business, and the company essentially became the de facto government in India. In the late 1840s and 1850s the governor-general of India, Lord Dalhousie, began to utilize a policy known as the doctrine of lapse to acquire territory. The policy held that if an Indian ruler died without an heir, or was known to be incompetent, the British could take the territory. The British expanded their territory, and their income, by using the doctrine. But it was seen as illegitimate by the Indian population and led to discord. Religious Discord Led to the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny Throughout the 1830s and 1840s tensions increased between the company and the Indian population. In addition to acquisitions of land by the British causing widespread resentment, there were many problems centered on issues of religion. A number of Christian missionaries had been allowed into India by the East India Company. And the native population started to become convinced that the British intended to convert the entire Indian subcontinent to Christianity. In the late 1850s the introduction of a new type of cartridge for the Enfield rifle became a focal point. The cartridges were wrapped in paper which had been coated with grease, so as to make it easier to slide the cartridge down a rifle barrel. Among the native soldiers employed by the company, who were known as sepoys, rumors spread that the grease used in manufacturing the cartridges was derived from cows and pigs. As those animals were forbidden to Hindus and Muslims, there were even suspicions that the British purposely intended to undermine the religions of the Indian population. Outrage over the use of grease, and a refusal to use the new rifle cartridges, led to the bloody Sepoy Mutiny in the spring and summer of 1857. The outbreak of violence, which was also known as the Indian Revolt of 1857, effectively brought about the end of the East India Company. Following the uprising in India, the British government dissolved the company. Parliament passed the Government of India Act of 1858, which ended the companys role in India and declared that India would be governed by the British crown. The companys impressive headquarters in London, East India House, was torn down in 1861. In 1876 Queen Victoria would declare herself Empress of India. And the British would retain control of India until independence was achieved in the late 1940s.

Long-Term Results of Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Long-Term Results of Enlightenment - Essay Example The Enlightenment thinkers, also known as philosophers, worked to cultivate new proposals about economics, government, and religion. Furthermore, they suggested new ideas for the enhancement of human beings and for the reformation of the society. The main themes of these philosophers were to improve humanity so that the church would no longer control education. These philosophers also wanted to separate the church from political activities. Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Roueseau, David Hume, and Denis Diderot were amongst the most famous philosophers of that time. These rising groups spread their beliefs to the public while philosophers though of new ideas. (Baker 28-34) Most of the matters that resulted in the Great Awakening showed that the Americans misunderstood Christianity and its values. Hence, the South and the North shared a common evangelical vision. Other religious personalities such as Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians developed and grew. Although denomination lines remained intact, all of the religions had a common evangelical viewpoint. Not only did it affect religions but it resulted in a great emphasis on education too. George Whitefield founded schools that comprised of Presbyterian ministers. A superior feeling of responsibility for the Indians and the Slaves materialized from this revival. Whitefield was one of the few preachers of that time who preached to blacks. Hence, most blacks and whites had a common evangelical sight. (Samson 94-96) People began to consider religion differently. The Puritan theology emphasized what God had done for humanity. Afterwards, people started thinking what a person can do in answer to the gifts God had bestowed on him. Salvation is a man's responsibility, not God's responsibility. The Enlightenment had conceptual reasons but people did not want to confess before God Almighty as people of the Great Awakening did. Those who appreciated the Enlightenment honored human beings and their abilities. They also argued that they worshipped God more than others did. Therefore, such people cared more about what they can do for themselves. Developments in the UK, such as the scientific methods, the Glorious Revolution, and the growth of the parliamentary government transferred to the colonies too. This Enlightenment started in Europe and came to America sometime near the early 18th century. The reason for its arrival into America was the reaction of what had happened due to the Great Awakening. The primary difference between these two affairs was a greater emphasis on faith in the Awakening. The Enlightenment was more about the assessment of human reasoning and less about the belief behind this concept. Hence, this scientific age was more about moral values. Galileo Galilei played a vital role in the Enlightenment. He made significant observations to argue the Copernican theory that the earth rotates on its axis beneath the motionless sun. The Church opposed this theory and stated that the Bible clearly says that the sun moves through the sky. Hence, the Church denounced Galileo's observations and teachings. Afterwards, monarchs forced Galileo to hide his new observations about the sun and prevented him from spreading his teachings anymore. Therefore, a fight started between science and

What does it mean to act morally Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What does it mean to act morally - Term Paper Example The proposed model adopts theories of Psychological Egoism and Ethical Egoism but it is largely based on the Buddhist philosophy of enlightenment. Analysis on Existing Theories of Moral Philosophy Sense of â€Å"morality† occurs naturally in human mind. Pursuing private benefits and ignoring the wellbeing of other living beings are also natural human behaviors. Conflicting mortal forces of â€Å"morality† and â€Å"immorality† are responsible for a great amount of literature in the human history. Lord Buddha taught 2600 years ago that correctly comprehending these forces is the path way to the ultimate freedom of humans. Theology play a vital role in moral philosophy. However the divine command theory is inefficient in describing the religion lead morality. It acknowledges the significance of religion in moral philosophy. But it is based on a rather ambiguous presumption i.e. â€Å"there exists a God†. Accordingly God defines what is good and what is bad. Approximately 2500 years ago Plato questioned: â€Å"is something right (or wrong) because the gods command it, or do the gods commands it because it is right?† Religion lead morality had been much easier to widely implement during the pre-industrial revolution. In the history fear and faith towards religious abstracts kept humans from acting upon immoral desires. ... Thus the divine command theory is not an efficient approach for contemporary moral philosophy. Psychology is acknowledged as a vital component in moral philosophy. There are many theories advocated by the psychologists relating to the moral judgment example: Piaget’s â€Å"genetic Epistemology† and Haidt’s â€Å"social-intuitionist† theory (Bucciarelli et. al., 2008). Piaget, 1975, described the cognitive development process of children in terms of their biological makeup and psychological process involving adaptation and organization. When a new situation is presented to a child it becomes assimilated and accommodated in memory. These two processes jointly results in adaptation to the new situation. Creating structures of related and interconnected information is a natural process occurring in human minds (known as organization in Piaget’s theory). Thus when the same situation is presented repeatedly child reacts according to what is already been a ssimilated and accommodated. According to Piaget’s theory logical reasoning is the aftermath of adaptation and organization. Haidt, 1978, described â€Å"immediate intuition† as the judicable basis for identifying what is right and what is wrong. Haidt’s theory postulates that conscious reasoning of humans is not effective for identifying what is right or wrong. Alternatively it is vital for influencing the actions of others. Haidt’s theory defines immediate intuition as â€Å"the sudden appearance in consciousness of a moral judgment, including an affective valence (good-bad, like-dislike), without any conscious awareness of having gone through steps of searching, weighing evidence, or inferring a conclusion† (Haidt, 2001, p. 818). Limitation of Haidt’s above definition is discussed in the